Hemophagocytosis in the Red Bone Marrow of Patients with Covid-19 with Sars-Cov-2 Infection

Red bone marrow samples investigation in deceased COVID-19 patients enabled to identify the phenomena of secondary hemophagocytosis. Analysis of the data showed that phagocytic reactions during infection of patients with SARS-CoV-2 are manifested both in relation to erythrocytes and leukocytes. The data obtained make it possible to expand the strategy of therapeutic measures, taking into account the new data on the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in severe viral infection based on morphological findings and additional information on the involvement of young erythrocytes and lymphocytes in the structure of the red bone marrow in the cascade of pathological reactions. The results obtained confirm a wide range of aggressive damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of multiple organ failure against the background of COVID-19 and the involvement of the red bone marrow in the pathological process. The authors supplemented information about the mechanisms of hypoxia in COVID-19, which is not only a consequence of damage to the respiratory epithelium, but also the result of damage to erythrocyte differons both at the level of red bone marrow and in peripheral blood. This fact must be taken into account in the development of a treatment strategy and in the creation of new drugs for the treatment of infected patients with various strains of SARS-CoV-2.

Markedly prolonged compound muscle action potential duration in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 related critical illness myopathy

A 56-year-old man admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became severely ill, required ventilator support and intensive care unit management. After ventilator weaning, he was found to have quadriparesis. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) was suspected and administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was considered. However, markedly prolonged compound muscle action potential (CMAP) duration was observed, leading to a diagnosis of critical illness myopathy (CIM). Therefore, IVIg was not given at all, and supportive care was continued. A good functional recovery was obtained. Prolonged CMAP duration is a characteristic finding to CIM. CIM following severe COVID-19 infection is probably common, although the diagnostic value of prolonged CMAP duration is not widely recognized. This characteristic finding deserves more attention because it contributes to early differentiation between CIM and GBS and the use of IVIg in patients with COVID-19 may cause thrombotic complications and worsen the prognosis.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience published by Japanese Society of Neurology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Recent Activities in Railway Vehicle Technology Research and Development

Spurred by fall in passenger numbers following the COVID-19 pandemic, railways today have made rapid progress in improving operational efficiency and labor saving measures. DX (digital transformation) technology, which has been applied to automatic train operation, inter alia, is therefore attracting attention. Another focal point for railways is the realization of global decarbonization, illustrated by "2050 Carbon Neutral" goal declared by the Suga Cabinet and "COP26." This paper introduces the outlines of three technologies related to these topics, namely, a "Method for evaluating wheel slide protection (WSP) performance by hybrid simulator," a "Method applying neural networks to detect abnormal noise during train operation," and "High efficiency of diesel electric railcars." © 2022 Ken-yusha Inc.. All rights reserved.

Association of Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir with preventable mortality, hospital admissions and related avoidable healthcare system cost among high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19

Background Real-world data is currently limited on the association between oral antiviral therapy and healthcare system burden in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and cost effec-tiveness of Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir use in reducing mortality in this population. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study involving 54,355 COVID-19 patients during February 22-March 31,2022 in Hong Kong. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust patient characteristics. Our exposure of interest was Molnupiravir/Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir prescription, with all-cause mortality as the pri-mary outcome. IPTW-adjusted multivariate regressions were used to estimate treatment impact on clinic re -atten-dance and unplanned admissions. Finally, attributed cost and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were estimated. Findings In the outpatient cohort (N = 33,217, 61.1%), 16.1% used Molnupiravir and 13.4% used Nirmatrelvir-Ritona-vir, while in the inpatient cohort (N = 21,138, 38.9%), 3.8% used Molnupiravir and 1.3% used Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir. IPTW-adjusted Cox model estimated that Molnupiravir (hazard ratio (HR)(95%CI)=0.31 (0.24-0.40), P< 0.0001) and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (HR=0.10 (95%CI 0.05-0.21), P< 0.0001) were significantly associated with a reduced mortality hazard. In the outpatient cohort, both antiviral prescriptions were associated with reduced odds for unplanned hospital admissions (Molnupiravir: odds ratio (OR) =0.72 (0.52-0.98), P=0.039;Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir: OR=0.37 (0.23-0.60), P<0.0001). Among hospitalised patients, both antiviral prescriptions were associated with sig-nificant reductions in the odds ratios for 28-days readmission (Molnupiravir: OR=0.71 (0.52-0.97), P=0.031;Nirma-trelvir-Ritonavir: OR=0.47 (0.24-0.93), P=0.030). ICERs for death averted for Molnupiravir stood at USD493,345.09 in outpatient settings and USD2,629.08 in inpatient settings. In outpatient settings, Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir cost USD331,105.27 to avert one death, but saved USD5,502.53 to avert one death in comparison with standard care. Interpretation In high-risk patients in Hong Kong with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrel-vir-Ritonavir prescriptions were associated with reduced all-cause mortality and significant cost savings.

SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 PREVALENCE IN SALIVA AND GASTRIC AND INTESTINAL FLUID IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY IN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 ENDEMIC AREAS: PROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN JAPAN

Objectives: Gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is useful for the early detection and treatment of many diseases;however, GIE is considered a high-risk procedure in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era. This study aimed to explore the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in saliva and gastrointestinal fluids to which endoscopy medical staff are exposed. Method(s): The study was a single-center cross-sectional study. From June 1 to July 31, 2020, all patients who underwent GIE at Yokohama City University Hospital were registered. All patients provided 3 mL of saliva. For upper GIE, 10 mL of gastric fluid was collected through the endoscope. For lower GIE, 10 mL of intestinal fluid was collected through the endoscope. The primary outcome was the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and gastrointestinal fluids. We also analyzed serum-specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 and patients' background information. Result(s): A total of 783 samples (560 upper GIE and 223 lower GIE samples) were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on saliva samples did not show any positive results in either upper or lower GIE samples. However, 2.0% (16/783) of gastrointestinal fluid samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. No significant differences in age, sex, purpose of endoscopy, medication, or rate of antibody test positivity were found between PCR positive and PCR negative cases. Conclusion(s): Asymptomatic patients, even those with no detectable virus in their saliva, had SARS-CoV-2 in their gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy medical staff should be aware of infection when performing procedures. The study was registered as UMIN000040587. Text S1 Detection of SARS-Co-V-2 genomic RNA and serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA was performed according to the Manual for the Detection of Pathogen 2019-nCoV Ver.2.61) provided by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan. RNA extraction was performed from a 140-microl sample using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The final elution was performed with 60 microl of elution buffer, and 5 microl of extracted RNA was subject to evaluation by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR reaction mix was prepared using TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Foster City, CA, USA) and primer/probe N2 (2019-nCoV) (TakaRa, Tokyo, Japan) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Primer sequences are shown in Supplementary Table 1. RT-PCR was conducted by StepOnePlusTM Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA. USA) The denaturation and annealing/extension steps were repeated for 45 cycles. A well containing absolutely quantified artificial synthetic template RNA was evaluated as a positive control, and a well without template RNA was evaluated as a negative control. According to the Manual for the Detection of Pathogen 2019-nCoV Ver.2.6, the assay was considered valid when the following criteria were met: (a) 50 copies/well of template RNA successfully detected before 40 cycles and (b) nonspecific amplification not detected in the well lacking template RNA up to 45 cycles. Samples showing amplification of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA before 40 cycles were defined as positive for COVID-19. We previously reported a method for serological testing2),3). Briefly, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect and quantify anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma. We used an N-terminally-truncated nucleocapsid protein (NP) and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (SP) as antigens (100 ng/well). Following blocking with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 3 % skimmed milk for 2 h, 100 microl of diluted plasma (1:100) were added and incubated for 1 h. After three washes with PBS-T, wells were incubated with 100 microl of diluted horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody (1:20000) for 1 h. Afte five additional washes with PBS-T, 100 microl of Tetramethylbenzidine Substrate (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Maryland, USA) was added and incubated for 10 mins. The reaction was terminated by adding 50 microl of 2-M H2SO4, and optical density was measured at 450 nm using a plate reader. In the serological test, COVID-19 antibody positivity was defined as a value greater than 1.139 in the NP test and greater than 0.277 in the SP test. In this study, a positive result in either the NP test or the SP test was defined as a positive antibody test. Copyright © 2022 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. All rights reserved.

RED BONE MARROW DAMAGE IN COVID-19 PATHOGENESIS CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2

With the emerging of new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (such as B.1.1.529 for example), despite numerous studies to create effective vaccines, it becomes obvious that the relevance of studying the pathomorphology of tissue structures with damaged cellular targets has increased manifold. Most knowledge on genes of pathogenicity loses its importance for the development of antiviral agents since the reservoir for the virus is the cells, in which SARS-CoV-2 then persists. These data are more important for the development of vaccines, and the treatment strategy should be based on damaged cellular targets. The mechanisms of hypoxia in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 do not have an exhaustive explanation based only on the acute alveolar damage. Our investigation deals with the data on pathologic red bone marrow in patients with a fatal COVID-19 outcome against the background of various indicators of erythrocytes in clinical blood tests. We found in the structure of the red bone marrow that there is damage to the stroma and parenchyma as well as pathomorphological signs of damage to erythropoiesis in the patients of both groups. The data obtained on the cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 can serve as a fundamental platform for the development of targeted conservative therapy in the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and should also be taken into account in severe COVID-19 cases with the risk of unfavorable prognosis.

A domestic cat with respiratory symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection

A 12-year-old indoor cat showed severe respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, nasal discharge and cough. On Day 5 after disease onset, an oral swab was collected and a real-time RT-PCR test was performed to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicating that the sample from the cat was positive for SARS-CoV-2 genes. Since the symptoms worsened on Day 8, a general physical examination, blood tests, chest x-rays and treatment were carried out and oral, nasal and rectal swabs were collected. Mild bronchitis and increased serum amyloid A (SAA) were observed, but it did not lead to pneumonia. In addition, whole-genome analysis revealed that it was the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Then the cat recovered, and a significant increase of virus-neutralizing antibody titer was observed in the convalescent serum. In conclusion, this is the first report on a cat with respiratory symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Japan.

COVID-19 transmission in dental and oral/maxillofacial surgical practice during pandemic: questionnaire survey in 51 university hospitals in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health problem. Dental procedures that generate aerosols are considered to impose a high risk of infection; therefore, dental professionals, such as dentists and dental hygienists, may be at high risk of viral transmission. However, few studies have reported COVID-19 clusters in dental care settings. AIM: To investigate whether dental and oral/maxillofacial procedures are associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 clusters and measures taken to prevent nosocomial infection in dental clinics. METHODS: An online questionnaire survey on clinical activities (administrative control), infection control measures (environmental/engineering control, personal protective equipment, etc.), and confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases among patients and clinical staff was administered to the faculties of the dental and oral/maxillofacial surgical departments of university hospitals. FINDINGS: Fifty-one faculty members completed the questionnaire. All members were engaged in the treatment of dental and oral surgical outpatients and actively implemented standard precautions. Fourteen faculty members treated patients with COVID-19, but no infections transmitted from the patients to the medical staff were observed. In seven facilities, patients were found to have the infection after treatment (medical staff came in close contact), but there was no transmission from patients to medical staff. Four facilities had medical staff with infections, but none of them exhibited disease transmission from staff to patients. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 clusters are unlikely to occur in dental and oral surgical care settings if appropriate protective measures are implemented.

Clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 PCR presumptive positive results

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is a cornerstone of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnostics. A number of RT-PCR tests are currently available with different combinations of target genes including the pan-Sarbecovirus E gene target. When the E gene target is positive and the SARS-CoV-2 specific target is negative, the result is reported as presumptive positive which may indicate 1) a sample at concentrations near or below the limit of detection, 2) a mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 specific target, 3) infection with some other Sarbecovirus or 4) other factors. However, what the presumptive positive results mean clinically and whether they should be treated in the same way as the positive results are unknown. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of electronic health records for patients who had the presumptive positive results by Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) or Cobas SARS-CoV-2 (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ) at Truman Medical Center from April 13, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, laboratory data, radiographic data, clinical course and COVID-19 related complications were recorded and analyzed. Results. During the study period, 85,267 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests were performed and 253 (0.3%) presumptive positive results were reported for 243 patients. Symptom information were available for 178 patients and 70% of them were symptomatic at the time of testing. Only 2 patients were admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia with the presumptive positive results. Both of them had low oxygen requirement during hospitalization and were discharged with stable conditions. Conclusion. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients who presented with presumptive positive results by Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Cobas SARS-CoV-2 had generally mild disease and rarely required hospitalization for COVID-19.

DELAYED CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2. CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

Chung M. K., Zidar D. A., Bristow M. R., et al. (2021) warn that a historic pandemic due to the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, could have negative potential consequences for the cardiovascular system for millions of survivors worldwide [1]. At the present stage, mechanisms of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-COV-2 are not studied well;any assumptions regarding to the consequences of SARS-Cov-2 are hypothetical. Therefore, long-term effects require indepth research in the dynamics of recovery process after severe infections and rehabilitation of survivors. This will facilitate and increase the effectiveness of the treatment protocol for this disease and its complications [2]. The duration of the incubation period of the disease, the presence of sometimes not expressed or absent symptoms makes identification of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 infection, in some cases, too complicated [3]. The duration of the rehabilitation time, the complexity of pathogenetically based treatment do not yet have comprehensive information, therefore, it is difficult to resolve the issue of the timing of vaccination of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection. All the data obtained for each case of the disease, depending on age, the presence of concomitant diseases and individual terms of health recovery with the characteristics of complications in the late periods after recovery, has high relevance and great importance [4]. According to Wu Y., Guo C., Tang L., (2020), the excretions of recovered patients remains dangerous for others around 5 weeks after clinical recovery [5]. At the moment, there is practically no exact information about the duration and intensity of immunity in an infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 [6]. To develop protocols of COVID-19 treatment, principles and paradigms for the development of alternative effective vaccines for the prevention COVID-19 affects the health of consumers of the vaccine, which requires long-term monitoring in the post-recovery.

CONCEPT OF THE INFLUENCE OF SARS-COV-S VIRUSES ON CELL MALIGNANCY

To date, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, there are rumors and speculations about the consequences of the infection, as well as a concern on growing cancer risk due to vaccines and vaccination. In this study we reviewed the concepts of the viral action on cancer development and analyzed the data on the possibility of the malignant effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on cells. Analysis of the literature data showed that SARS-CoV-2 damages cells, like other viruses, but does not lead to their mutations. There are no changes in DNA, there is only misregulation of repression and expression of the genome, a perversion of signaling intercellular interactions that disrupt the mechanisms of differentiation and specialization of cells. The need of viruses to multiply in cambial cells of tissues contributes to the induction of their proliferation and the lack of specialization. Thus, the available information on the cytopathic effects caused by viruses in cells infected with COVID-19 does not yet provide information on the malignant effect of SARS-CoV-2. Our study is aimed at collecting and analyzing data that are necessary for planning effective treatment of patients with COVID 19 and predicting outcomes in the long term after the disease.

Mechanisms of instantaneous inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by silicon nitride bioceramic.

The hydrolytic processes occurring at the surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramic have been indicated as a powerful pathway to instantaneous inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the virus inactivation mechanisms promoted by Si3N4 remain yet to be elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence of the instantaneous damage incurred on the SARS-CoV-2 virus upon contact with Si3N4. We also emphasize the safety characteristics of Si3N4 for mammalian cells. Contact between the virions and micrometric Si3N4 particles immediately targeted a variety of viral molecules by inducing post-translational oxidative modifications of S-containing amino acids, nitration of the tyrosine residue in the spike receptor binding domain, and oxidation of RNA purines to form formamidopyrimidine. This structural damage in turn led to a reshuffling of the protein secondary structure. These clear fingerprints of viral structure modifications were linked to inhibition of viral functionality and infectivity. This study validates the notion that Si3N4 bioceramic is a safe and effective antiviral compound; and a primary antiviral candidate to replace the toxic and allergenic compounds presently used in contact with the human body and in long-term environmental sanitation.

A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. (Coronavirus (COVID-19) collection.)

Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. We report the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. He had never been to any foreign countries. He felt generalized fatigue and fever (day 1). He saw doctors nearby twice (day 2 and 5) and was prescribed Laninamivir and antipyretic agents, His family visited his home and found that he was unconsciousness and lying on the floor in his vomit. He was immediately transported to this hospital by ambulance (day 9). Under emergency transport, he had transient generalized seizures that lasted about a minute. He had obvious neck stiffness. The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF. Anti- HSV 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples. A brain MRI showed hyperintensity along the wall of right lateral ventricle and hyperintense signal changes in the right mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, suggesting the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis. This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms.

Effects of Interoceptive Sensibility on Mental Health during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been reported to influence interoceptive sensibility. This study focused on adaptive and maladaptive aspects of interoceptive sensibility and examined how each aspect of interoceptive sensibility affects depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms under the mild lockdown in Japan, which was not enforceable and a non-punitive lockdown. We used data from 10,672 participants who lived in prefectures where the emergency declaration was first applied in Japan. Interoceptive sensibility was measured by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). The findings show that Noticing, a subscale of the MAIA, significantly contributed to the worsening of psychological and somatic symptoms (all ps < 0.001). Conversely, Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying, Self-Regulation, and Trusting significantly contributed to the decrease of these symptoms (all ps < 0.05). The findings suggest that two aspects of interoceptive sensibility affected mental health in different ways during the mild lockdown. Mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions would be effective in terms of enhancing adaptive aspects of interoceptive sensibility.

THE MECHANISM OF BLOOD COAGULATION IN COVID-19 PATHOGENESIS

One of the formidable complications of SARS-COV-2 infection leading to death is coagulopathy. The mechanisms of the development of this pathology at the present stage have not been studied, and clinical blood tests indicate that against the background of normal blood clotting indices, only the Ddi-D-dimer protein exceeds the norm many times over. The aim of the study was to study and analyze biochemical parameters in patients of Primorsky Region (Russia) infected with SARS-COV-2 against the background of concomitant vascular pathology and the development of DIC syndrome. The authors came to the conclusion about the existence of two mechanisms of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the microvasculature, associated with the violation of the integrity of the vascular wall and destruction of erythrocytes. Further research is needed to study the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 aggression, leading to thrombotic complications.

ERYTHROCYTES AS A TARGET OF SARS COV-2 IN PATHOGENESIS OF COVID-19

The paper considers the possible mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2, associated with damage to red blood cells, which the authors attribute to the main key target that triggers a cascade of reactions leading to multiple organ failure. The paper presents morphological evidence for the presence of pathological forms of erythrocytes characteristic of various anemias in the blood vessels and parenchyma of damaged lungs of patients with COVID-19. The death of red blood cells leads to cell ischemia and anemia. The defeat of brain neurons, blood vessels and hematotissue barriers in organ systems is a consequence of ischemia due to the impossibility of transferring hemoglobin by damaged erythrocytes and ends at the terminal stages of the development of the disease with their dysfunction. Adaptive erythropoiesis with an increase in erythropoietin secretion is especially dangerous for patients suffering from hypertension, and then it is impossible, since all organs involved in the synthesis of erythropoietin are damaged. In this case, the synthesis of hemoglobin is also disrupted due to a deficiency of iron and cyancobolamin, whereas toxic iron and hemosiderin are deposited in the tissues.

Impact of COVID-19 on the control and reorganization of tuberculosis care

Objective: To identify scientific evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis care and control. Methods: Scoping review conducted in June 2020 in the following databases: Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl and Scopus;and Opengrey - grey literature. The descriptors used in the search were: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis. The selection process was performed by two independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform with the inclusion of 30 studies. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on tuberculosis control and the main challenges arising from it are related to the influence of social distancing on diagnosis, follow-up and adherence to treatment, including the reorganization of tuberculosis services, mainly as a result of the necessary mobilization of health teams working in the area for the care of COVID-19. Limited access to inputs and health services was also registered, which occurred similarly in relation to other health problems, thereby showing programmatic vulnerability. The effects of the pandemic in the social dimension that contributed to increase the social vulnerability also stand out. Conclusion: Many challenges have been posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to maintaining tuberculosis control actions. We expect this review will contribute to support new studies and implement public policies aimed at confronting both diseases.